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primary antibodies against vglut1  (Synaptic Systems)


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    Synaptic Systems primary antibodies against vglut1
    FIGURE 1 | Primary neuronal cultures in a defined low glucose medium are healthy. (a) Procedure for generating mouse primary neuronal cul- tures. (b) Neuronal culture health was monitored at 10–18 DIV in high glucose (HG) and low glucose (LG) conditions using alamarBlue. (c) Example images for neuron (MAP2, Green) and astrocyte (GFAP, Red) immunohistochemical labelling of neuronal cultures in 25 mM or 5 mM glucose media (Scale bars 100 μm). (d) Quantification of GFAP-positive glial cells versus MAP2-positive neurons in culture. Dark symbols represent biological repli- cates (n), while lighter symbols are individual measurements within each biological replicate. (e) Example images of cultures stained for vGAT punc- ta (Red; inhibitory synapse marker) compared to <t>vGluT1</t> puncta (Green; excitatory synapse marker) that colocalized with the synapse active zone marker bassoon (not shown) and neuronal MAP2 marker (Gray). Scale bars are 50 μm. (f) Quantification of the excitatory to inhibitory synaptic ratio. Three to five images were taken per culture (light symbols); average ratios of biological replicates (dark symbols) are also shown. All data shown consist of n = 5 biological replicates. Mean ± SD are shown. Statistical comparisons were determined using two-tailed unpaired t-tests, *p < 0.05.
    Primary Antibodies Against Vglut1, supplied by Synaptic Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 306 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/primary+antibodies+against+vglut1/135+304/pm40536248-76-0-6
    Average 97 stars, based on 306 article reviews
    primary antibodies against vglut1 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Low-Glucose Culture Conditions Bias Neuronal Energetics Towards Oxidative Phosphorylation."

    Article Title: Low-Glucose Culture Conditions Bias Neuronal Energetics Towards Oxidative Phosphorylation.

    Journal: Journal of neurochemistry

    doi: 10.1111/jnc.70125

    FIGURE 1 | Primary neuronal cultures in a defined low glucose medium are healthy. (a) Procedure for generating mouse primary neuronal cul- tures. (b) Neuronal culture health was monitored at 10–18 DIV in high glucose (HG) and low glucose (LG) conditions using alamarBlue. (c) Example images for neuron (MAP2, Green) and astrocyte (GFAP, Red) immunohistochemical labelling of neuronal cultures in 25 mM or 5 mM glucose media (Scale bars 100 μm). (d) Quantification of GFAP-positive glial cells versus MAP2-positive neurons in culture. Dark symbols represent biological repli- cates (n), while lighter symbols are individual measurements within each biological replicate. (e) Example images of cultures stained for vGAT punc- ta (Red; inhibitory synapse marker) compared to vGluT1 puncta (Green; excitatory synapse marker) that colocalized with the synapse active zone marker bassoon (not shown) and neuronal MAP2 marker (Gray). Scale bars are 50 μm. (f) Quantification of the excitatory to inhibitory synaptic ratio. Three to five images were taken per culture (light symbols); average ratios of biological replicates (dark symbols) are also shown. All data shown consist of n = 5 biological replicates. Mean ± SD are shown. Statistical comparisons were determined using two-tailed unpaired t-tests, *p < 0.05.
    Figure Legend Snippet: FIGURE 1 | Primary neuronal cultures in a defined low glucose medium are healthy. (a) Procedure for generating mouse primary neuronal cul- tures. (b) Neuronal culture health was monitored at 10–18 DIV in high glucose (HG) and low glucose (LG) conditions using alamarBlue. (c) Example images for neuron (MAP2, Green) and astrocyte (GFAP, Red) immunohistochemical labelling of neuronal cultures in 25 mM or 5 mM glucose media (Scale bars 100 μm). (d) Quantification of GFAP-positive glial cells versus MAP2-positive neurons in culture. Dark symbols represent biological repli- cates (n), while lighter symbols are individual measurements within each biological replicate. (e) Example images of cultures stained for vGAT punc- ta (Red; inhibitory synapse marker) compared to vGluT1 puncta (Green; excitatory synapse marker) that colocalized with the synapse active zone marker bassoon (not shown) and neuronal MAP2 marker (Gray). Scale bars are 50 μm. (f) Quantification of the excitatory to inhibitory synaptic ratio. Three to five images were taken per culture (light symbols); average ratios of biological replicates (dark symbols) are also shown. All data shown consist of n = 5 biological replicates. Mean ± SD are shown. Statistical comparisons were determined using two-tailed unpaired t-tests, *p < 0.05.

    Techniques Used: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Marker, Two Tailed Test

    Related Articles

    other:

    Article Title: Low-Glucose Culture Conditions Bias Neuronal Energetics Towards Oxidative Phosphorylation.
    Article Snippet: Z- stacks spanning the monolayer culture architecture were compressed and then analyzed in ImageJ (RRID: SCR_003070).

    Article Title: Mitochondria in Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses have Similar Susceptibility to Amyloid-β Peptides Modeling Alzheimer’s Disease
    Article Snippet: Mitochondrial dysfunction is proposed to trigger memory deficits and synaptic damage at the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).. However, it is unknown how mitochondria dysfunction might trigger synaptotoxicity and if a differential susceptibility of mitochondria located in synapses underlies the greater glutamatergic than GABAergic synaptotoxicity in early AD.. Hippocampal synaptosomes (purified synapses) of a rat model of early AD, typified by selective memory deficits two weeks after intracerebroventricular injection of amyloidpeptides (A 1–42, 2 nmol), simultaneously displayed three mitochondria-associated deleterious alterations: 1) hampered metabolism (decreased MTT reduction); 2) increased oxygen radical production (increased hydrogen peroxide production); 3) increased caspase-3 activity.

    Article Title: Dysfunction of specific auditory fibers impacts cortical oscillations, driving an autism phenotype despite near‐normal hearing
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against PV (rabbit, diluted 1:2000, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and vGlut1 (guinea pig, diluted 1:1000, Synaptic Systems, Göttingen, Germany) were diluted in 1.5% BSA in PBS containing 0.1% Triton- X 100.

    Cell Culture:

    Article Title: Regulation of excitatory presynaptic activity by Ambra1 protein determines neuronal networks in sex-dimorphic manner
    Article Snippet: .. At DIV 18-23 from two independent cell preparation, autaptic cultured neurons were fixed in a solution containing 4% PFA/4% sucrose in PBS, pH7.4, for 20 min. After washing with PBS for 3 times, cells were incubated in blocking solution containing 0.3% Triton-X-100, 10% NGS and 0.1% fish skin gelatin (Sigma) in PBS for 20 min. Neurons were incubated with primary antibodies against vGluT1 (1:1000, rabbit polyclonal, 135303, Synaptic Systems), PSD95 (1:200, mouse monoclonal, ab2723, Abcam), and MAP2 (1:500, chicken polyclonal, NB300-213, Novus biologicals) diluted in blocking solution for overnight at 4°C. .. After repetitive washing with PBS, neurons were incubated with secondary antibodies diluted in blocking solution, including Alexa-Fluor 488 goat anti-chicken IgG (1:1000, A-21441, Invitrogen), Alexa-Fluor 555 goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:1000, A-32732, Invitrogen) and Alexa-Fluor 633 goat anti-mouse IgG (1:1000, A-21052, Invitrogen) for 2 hrs at RT, followed by another rounds of washing.

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Regulation of excitatory presynaptic activity by Ambra1 protein determines neuronal networks in sex-dimorphic manner
    Article Snippet: .. At DIV 18-23 from two independent cell preparation, autaptic cultured neurons were fixed in a solution containing 4% PFA/4% sucrose in PBS, pH7.4, for 20 min. After washing with PBS for 3 times, cells were incubated in blocking solution containing 0.3% Triton-X-100, 10% NGS and 0.1% fish skin gelatin (Sigma) in PBS for 20 min. Neurons were incubated with primary antibodies against vGluT1 (1:1000, rabbit polyclonal, 135303, Synaptic Systems), PSD95 (1:200, mouse monoclonal, ab2723, Abcam), and MAP2 (1:500, chicken polyclonal, NB300-213, Novus biologicals) diluted in blocking solution for overnight at 4°C. .. After repetitive washing with PBS, neurons were incubated with secondary antibodies diluted in blocking solution, including Alexa-Fluor 488 goat anti-chicken IgG (1:1000, A-21441, Invitrogen), Alexa-Fluor 555 goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:1000, A-32732, Invitrogen) and Alexa-Fluor 633 goat anti-mouse IgG (1:1000, A-21052, Invitrogen) for 2 hrs at RT, followed by another rounds of washing.

    Article Title: Tonic activin signaling shapes cellular and synaptic properties of CA1 neurons mainly in dorsal hippocampus
    Article Snippet: .. After incubation with blocking buffer (containing 5 % normal donkey serum, 1 % BSA, PBS, and 0.5 % Triton-X-100) cells were incubated with primary antibodies against VGLUT1 (rabbit monoclonal recombinant IgG, cat. no. 135 308, use 1:1000; Synaptic Systems, Göttingen, Germany) and MAP2 (guinea pig polyclonal antiserum, cat. no. 188 004, 1:1000, Synaptic Systems) for 2 h at RT. .. After washing with PBS (thrice, 10 min), cells were incubated with secondary antibodies (in blocking solution: donkey-anti-guinea pig Cy3, use 1:1000, A21206, Thermo Fisher Scientific; donkey-anti-rabbit Alexa488, use 1:1000, A-21206, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 1 h in the dark at RT.

    Article Title: Reversing Cochlear Nucleus Maladaptive Plasticity via Customized Extracochlear Stimulation: A New Approach for Tinnitus Treatment.
    Article Snippet: .. The sections were then incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against VGLUT1 (Synaptic Systems, 1:1000), VGLUT2 (Synaptic Systems, 1:1000), and VGAT (Synaptic Systems, 1:500), diluted in the blocking solution. .. The next day, the sections were incubated at room temperature for 2 h with fluorescent secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor Plus 555 and Alexa Fluor 488, both from Thermo Fisher Scientific; 1:500 in blocking solution).

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: Regulation of excitatory presynaptic activity by Ambra1 protein determines neuronal networks in sex-dimorphic manner
    Article Snippet: .. At DIV 18-23 from two independent cell preparation, autaptic cultured neurons were fixed in a solution containing 4% PFA/4% sucrose in PBS, pH7.4, for 20 min. After washing with PBS for 3 times, cells were incubated in blocking solution containing 0.3% Triton-X-100, 10% NGS and 0.1% fish skin gelatin (Sigma) in PBS for 20 min. Neurons were incubated with primary antibodies against vGluT1 (1:1000, rabbit polyclonal, 135303, Synaptic Systems), PSD95 (1:200, mouse monoclonal, ab2723, Abcam), and MAP2 (1:500, chicken polyclonal, NB300-213, Novus biologicals) diluted in blocking solution for overnight at 4°C. .. After repetitive washing with PBS, neurons were incubated with secondary antibodies diluted in blocking solution, including Alexa-Fluor 488 goat anti-chicken IgG (1:1000, A-21441, Invitrogen), Alexa-Fluor 555 goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:1000, A-32732, Invitrogen) and Alexa-Fluor 633 goat anti-mouse IgG (1:1000, A-21052, Invitrogen) for 2 hrs at RT, followed by another rounds of washing.

    Article Title: Aspects of excitatory/inhibitory synapses in multiple brain regions are correlated with levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/neurotrophin-3.
    Article Snippet: Appropriate synapse formation during development is necessary for normal brain function, and synapse impairment is often associated with brain dysfunction.. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are key factors in regulating synaptic development.. We previously reported that BDNF/NT-3 secretion was enhanced by calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion 2 (CADPS2).

    Article Title: Tonic activin signaling shapes cellular and synaptic properties of CA1 neurons mainly in dorsal hippocampus
    Article Snippet: .. After incubation with blocking buffer (containing 5 % normal donkey serum, 1 % BSA, PBS, and 0.5 % Triton-X-100) cells were incubated with primary antibodies against VGLUT1 (rabbit monoclonal recombinant IgG, cat. no. 135 308, use 1:1000; Synaptic Systems, Göttingen, Germany) and MAP2 (guinea pig polyclonal antiserum, cat. no. 188 004, 1:1000, Synaptic Systems) for 2 h at RT. .. After washing with PBS (thrice, 10 min), cells were incubated with secondary antibodies (in blocking solution: donkey-anti-guinea pig Cy3, use 1:1000, A21206, Thermo Fisher Scientific; donkey-anti-rabbit Alexa488, use 1:1000, A-21206, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 1 h in the dark at RT.

    Article Title: Reversing Cochlear Nucleus Maladaptive Plasticity via Customized Extracochlear Stimulation: A New Approach for Tinnitus Treatment.
    Article Snippet: .. The sections were then incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against VGLUT1 (Synaptic Systems, 1:1000), VGLUT2 (Synaptic Systems, 1:1000), and VGAT (Synaptic Systems, 1:500), diluted in the blocking solution. .. The next day, the sections were incubated at room temperature for 2 h with fluorescent secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor Plus 555 and Alexa Fluor 488, both from Thermo Fisher Scientific; 1:500 in blocking solution).

    Next-Generation Sequencing:

    Article Title: Regulation of excitatory presynaptic activity by Ambra1 protein determines neuronal networks in sex-dimorphic manner
    Article Snippet: .. At DIV 18-23 from two independent cell preparation, autaptic cultured neurons were fixed in a solution containing 4% PFA/4% sucrose in PBS, pH7.4, for 20 min. After washing with PBS for 3 times, cells were incubated in blocking solution containing 0.3% Triton-X-100, 10% NGS and 0.1% fish skin gelatin (Sigma) in PBS for 20 min. Neurons were incubated with primary antibodies against vGluT1 (1:1000, rabbit polyclonal, 135303, Synaptic Systems), PSD95 (1:200, mouse monoclonal, ab2723, Abcam), and MAP2 (1:500, chicken polyclonal, NB300-213, Novus biologicals) diluted in blocking solution for overnight at 4°C. .. After repetitive washing with PBS, neurons were incubated with secondary antibodies diluted in blocking solution, including Alexa-Fluor 488 goat anti-chicken IgG (1:1000, A-21441, Invitrogen), Alexa-Fluor 555 goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:1000, A-32732, Invitrogen) and Alexa-Fluor 633 goat anti-mouse IgG (1:1000, A-21052, Invitrogen) for 2 hrs at RT, followed by another rounds of washing.

    Recombinant:

    Article Title: Tonic activin signaling shapes cellular and synaptic properties of CA1 neurons mainly in dorsal hippocampus
    Article Snippet: .. After incubation with blocking buffer (containing 5 % normal donkey serum, 1 % BSA, PBS, and 0.5 % Triton-X-100) cells were incubated with primary antibodies against VGLUT1 (rabbit monoclonal recombinant IgG, cat. no. 135 308, use 1:1000; Synaptic Systems, Göttingen, Germany) and MAP2 (guinea pig polyclonal antiserum, cat. no. 188 004, 1:1000, Synaptic Systems) for 2 h at RT. .. After washing with PBS (thrice, 10 min), cells were incubated with secondary antibodies (in blocking solution: donkey-anti-guinea pig Cy3, use 1:1000, A21206, Thermo Fisher Scientific; donkey-anti-rabbit Alexa488, use 1:1000, A-21206, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 1 h in the dark at RT.



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    FIGURE 1 | Primary neuronal cultures in a defined low glucose medium are healthy. (a) Procedure for generating mouse primary neuronal cul- tures. (b) Neuronal culture health was monitored at 10–18 DIV in high glucose (HG) and low glucose (LG) conditions using alamarBlue. (c) Example images for neuron (MAP2, Green) and astrocyte (GFAP, Red) immunohistochemical labelling of neuronal cultures in 25 mM or 5 mM glucose media (Scale bars 100 μm). (d) Quantification of GFAP-positive glial cells versus MAP2-positive neurons in culture. Dark symbols represent biological repli- cates (n), while lighter symbols are individual measurements within each biological replicate. (e) Example images of cultures stained for vGAT punc- ta (Red; inhibitory synapse marker) compared to <t>vGluT1</t> puncta (Green; excitatory synapse marker) that colocalized with the synapse active zone marker bassoon (not shown) and neuronal MAP2 marker (Gray). Scale bars are 50 μm. (f) Quantification of the excitatory to inhibitory synaptic ratio. Three to five images were taken per culture (light symbols); average ratios of biological replicates (dark symbols) are also shown. All data shown consist of n = 5 biological replicates. Mean ± SD are shown. Statistical comparisons were determined using two-tailed unpaired t-tests, *p < 0.05.
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    Morphology of example bushy neurons and innervating AN synapses. ( A ) Example confocal images of an example bushy neuron filled with Alexa Fluor 594 (magenta) and stained with synaptic marker <t>VGluT1</t> (green) and calretinin (CR; red). In the merged panel, VGluT1-labeled puncta inside the CR + terminals are shown in yellow, representing CR-expressing synapses (type I a ); and those outside the CR + terminals are shown in green, representing non-CR-expressing synapses (non-type I a ). ( B ) Reconstructed bushy neuron and the innervating AN synapses from A . Panels show the complete cellular morphology and synapses (left), with removed dendrites (middle), and with only the synapses (right). Yellow puncta: CR-expressing synapses; green puncta: non-CR-expressing synapses. Note that this neuron receives predominantly CR-expressing synapses on the soma and predominantly non-CR-expressing synapses on the dendrites. Arrows mark the first branching point that divides the primary and distal dendrites. ( C-D ) Another example bushy neuron that receives predominantly non-CR-expressing synapses on both soma and dendrites.
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    Image Search Results


    FIGURE 1 | Primary neuronal cultures in a defined low glucose medium are healthy. (a) Procedure for generating mouse primary neuronal cul- tures. (b) Neuronal culture health was monitored at 10–18 DIV in high glucose (HG) and low glucose (LG) conditions using alamarBlue. (c) Example images for neuron (MAP2, Green) and astrocyte (GFAP, Red) immunohistochemical labelling of neuronal cultures in 25 mM or 5 mM glucose media (Scale bars 100 μm). (d) Quantification of GFAP-positive glial cells versus MAP2-positive neurons in culture. Dark symbols represent biological repli- cates (n), while lighter symbols are individual measurements within each biological replicate. (e) Example images of cultures stained for vGAT punc- ta (Red; inhibitory synapse marker) compared to vGluT1 puncta (Green; excitatory synapse marker) that colocalized with the synapse active zone marker bassoon (not shown) and neuronal MAP2 marker (Gray). Scale bars are 50 μm. (f) Quantification of the excitatory to inhibitory synaptic ratio. Three to five images were taken per culture (light symbols); average ratios of biological replicates (dark symbols) are also shown. All data shown consist of n = 5 biological replicates. Mean ± SD are shown. Statistical comparisons were determined using two-tailed unpaired t-tests, *p < 0.05.

    Journal: Journal of neurochemistry

    Article Title: Low-Glucose Culture Conditions Bias Neuronal Energetics Towards Oxidative Phosphorylation.

    doi: 10.1111/jnc.70125

    Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 1 | Primary neuronal cultures in a defined low glucose medium are healthy. (a) Procedure for generating mouse primary neuronal cul- tures. (b) Neuronal culture health was monitored at 10–18 DIV in high glucose (HG) and low glucose (LG) conditions using alamarBlue. (c) Example images for neuron (MAP2, Green) and astrocyte (GFAP, Red) immunohistochemical labelling of neuronal cultures in 25 mM or 5 mM glucose media (Scale bars 100 μm). (d) Quantification of GFAP-positive glial cells versus MAP2-positive neurons in culture. Dark symbols represent biological repli- cates (n), while lighter symbols are individual measurements within each biological replicate. (e) Example images of cultures stained for vGAT punc- ta (Red; inhibitory synapse marker) compared to vGluT1 puncta (Green; excitatory synapse marker) that colocalized with the synapse active zone marker bassoon (not shown) and neuronal MAP2 marker (Gray). Scale bars are 50 μm. (f) Quantification of the excitatory to inhibitory synaptic ratio. Three to five images were taken per culture (light symbols); average ratios of biological replicates (dark symbols) are also shown. All data shown consist of n = 5 biological replicates. Mean ± SD are shown. Statistical comparisons were determined using two-tailed unpaired t-tests, *p < 0.05.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against vGluT1 (guinea pig, Synaptic Systems Cat# 135304, RRID: AB_887878), vGAT (rabbit, Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# PA5- 27569, RRID: AB_2545045), and bassoon (chicken, Synaptic Systems Cat# 141016, RRID: AB_2661779) were used at 1:5000, as well as MAP2 (mouse, Millipore Cat# MAB3418, RRID: AB_94856) at 1:2000.

    Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Marker, Two Tailed Test

    A Confocal imaging of vGLUT1 and PSD95 expressing puncta in DG mossy fibers and CA3 neuropil of control and dsTeTxLC rabbit brain slices. Note the dsTeTxLC labeled puncta in all four cases. Scale bar: 25 µm. B Graphs representing the changes in the density of vGLUT1 (Student’s t -test 2.337; P = 0.0416) and PSD95 (Student’s t -test = 2.345; P = 0.0410) expressing puncta in the neuropil of CA3, control group n = 5 and dsTeTxLC infected group n = 7. Asterisks in bars indicate statistically significant differences from the control group after the student’s t -test; P ≤ 0.05 (*). Abbreviations: vGLUT1: the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and PSD95: the postsynaptic density 95. C Timeline of repetitive confocal imaging. D, C rAAV-assisted precise targeting of DG and CA3 with tdTOM and EGFP in mouse entorhino-hippocampal slice cultures, respectively, Scale bar = 100 µm. E , F Baseline imaging of DG mossy fiber boutons in the CA3 region of interest (ROI) 1 and 2 (from ( E ) from day-0 (0d) until day-9 (9d) and Dox-induced dsTeTxLC for 6 days (starting after the imaging at day 3 until day 9) is shown ( n = 5; 125 mossy fiber boutons total; in one experiment 2 out of 25 boutons were lost after Dox-induced dsTeTxLC). Scale bars = 50 µm. G High magnification of images of slices without Dox (without dsTeTxLC expression) and with Dox ((with dsTeTxLC expression).

    Journal: Molecular Psychiatry

    Article Title: Dentate gyrus is needed for memory retrieval

    doi: 10.1038/s41380-024-02546-0

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A Confocal imaging of vGLUT1 and PSD95 expressing puncta in DG mossy fibers and CA3 neuropil of control and dsTeTxLC rabbit brain slices. Note the dsTeTxLC labeled puncta in all four cases. Scale bar: 25 µm. B Graphs representing the changes in the density of vGLUT1 (Student’s t -test 2.337; P = 0.0416) and PSD95 (Student’s t -test = 2.345; P = 0.0410) expressing puncta in the neuropil of CA3, control group n = 5 and dsTeTxLC infected group n = 7. Asterisks in bars indicate statistically significant differences from the control group after the student’s t -test; P ≤ 0.05 (*). Abbreviations: vGLUT1: the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and PSD95: the postsynaptic density 95. C Timeline of repetitive confocal imaging. D, C rAAV-assisted precise targeting of DG and CA3 with tdTOM and EGFP in mouse entorhino-hippocampal slice cultures, respectively, Scale bar = 100 µm. E , F Baseline imaging of DG mossy fiber boutons in the CA3 region of interest (ROI) 1 and 2 (from ( E ) from day-0 (0d) until day-9 (9d) and Dox-induced dsTeTxLC for 6 days (starting after the imaging at day 3 until day 9) is shown ( n = 5; 125 mossy fiber boutons total; in one experiment 2 out of 25 boutons were lost after Dox-induced dsTeTxLC). Scale bars = 50 µm. G High magnification of images of slices without Dox (without dsTeTxLC expression) and with Dox ((with dsTeTxLC expression).

    Article Snippet: To analyze the density of the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGLUT1) expressing puncta, a presynaptic marker of excitatory boutons [ ], and the postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) representing puncta, an excitatory synapse postsynaptic markers [ , ], we have performed immunohistochemistry using primary antibodies against VGLUT1 or PSD95 (Millipore Iberica S.A.U, Madrid, Spain).

    Techniques: Imaging, Expressing, Control, Labeling, Infection

    Morphology of example bushy neurons and innervating AN synapses. ( A ) Example confocal images of an example bushy neuron filled with Alexa Fluor 594 (magenta) and stained with synaptic marker VGluT1 (green) and calretinin (CR; red). In the merged panel, VGluT1-labeled puncta inside the CR + terminals are shown in yellow, representing CR-expressing synapses (type I a ); and those outside the CR + terminals are shown in green, representing non-CR-expressing synapses (non-type I a ). ( B ) Reconstructed bushy neuron and the innervating AN synapses from A . Panels show the complete cellular morphology and synapses (left), with removed dendrites (middle), and with only the synapses (right). Yellow puncta: CR-expressing synapses; green puncta: non-CR-expressing synapses. Note that this neuron receives predominantly CR-expressing synapses on the soma and predominantly non-CR-expressing synapses on the dendrites. Arrows mark the first branching point that divides the primary and distal dendrites. ( C-D ) Another example bushy neuron that receives predominantly non-CR-expressing synapses on both soma and dendrites.

    Journal: Neuroscience

    Article Title: Dendritic degeneration and altered synaptic innervation of a central auditory neuron during age-related hearing loss

    doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.037

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Morphology of example bushy neurons and innervating AN synapses. ( A ) Example confocal images of an example bushy neuron filled with Alexa Fluor 594 (magenta) and stained with synaptic marker VGluT1 (green) and calretinin (CR; red). In the merged panel, VGluT1-labeled puncta inside the CR + terminals are shown in yellow, representing CR-expressing synapses (type I a ); and those outside the CR + terminals are shown in green, representing non-CR-expressing synapses (non-type I a ). ( B ) Reconstructed bushy neuron and the innervating AN synapses from A . Panels show the complete cellular morphology and synapses (left), with removed dendrites (middle), and with only the synapses (right). Yellow puncta: CR-expressing synapses; green puncta: non-CR-expressing synapses. Note that this neuron receives predominantly CR-expressing synapses on the soma and predominantly non-CR-expressing synapses on the dendrites. Arrows mark the first branching point that divides the primary and distal dendrites. ( C-D ) Another example bushy neuron that receives predominantly non-CR-expressing synapses on both soma and dendrites.

    Article Snippet: Slices were then immune-stained as previously described ( Lin and Xie, 2019 ; Wang et al., 2021 ), using primary antibodies against vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) (polyclonal Guinea pig anti-vGluT1; Cat#: 135304, Synaptic Systems, 1:500) and calretinin (rabbit ant-CR; Cat# 214102, Synaptic Systems, 1:500).

    Techniques: Staining, Marker, Labeling, Expressing

    Fig. 5. Effect of BF treatment at GD 16-B on the protein levels of VGluT1, VGAT, and NMDA receptors in mouse hippocampi at 6-week-old. (A) Repre sentative western blot images of VGluT1, VGAT, NR1, NR2A and NR2B expression in the mouse hippocampi at 6-week-old. These western blot images are from one membrane. Taking β-Tubulin as loading control. (B) & (C) Quantization of the protein levels of VGluT1, VGAT, VGluT1/VGAT, NR1, NR2A and NR2B of the male mouse (B) and female mouse hippocampi (C) at 6-week-old. N = 4 (litter). The bands in each column of Fig. 5A are from the same pup. Unpaired Student’s t-test was used to analyze the statistical significance. * * P < 0.01 vs. respective sex control.

    Journal: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

    Article Title: Influence of bifenthrin exposure at different gestational stages on the neural development.

    doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115365

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Effect of BF treatment at GD 16-B on the protein levels of VGluT1, VGAT, and NMDA receptors in mouse hippocampi at 6-week-old. (A) Repre sentative western blot images of VGluT1, VGAT, NR1, NR2A and NR2B expression in the mouse hippocampi at 6-week-old. These western blot images are from one membrane. Taking β-Tubulin as loading control. (B) & (C) Quantization of the protein levels of VGluT1, VGAT, VGluT1/VGAT, NR1, NR2A and NR2B of the male mouse (B) and female mouse hippocampi (C) at 6-week-old. N = 4 (litter). The bands in each column of Fig. 5A are from the same pup. Unpaired Student’s t-test was used to analyze the statistical significance. * * P < 0.01 vs. respective sex control.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against VGluT1 (#CL2754), VGAT (#131003), NMDA Receptor 2B (NR2B, GluN2B, #21920–1-AP) were bought from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA), synaptic systems (Gottingen, Germany), and Proteintech (Chicago, IL, USA) respectively.

    Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Membrane, Control